Speech Organs (articulators)

Speech Organs (articulators)

Fully/partially visible:

•         Lips (upper, lower)

•         Teeth (upper, lower)

•         Alveolar ridge

•         Hard palate

•         Soft palate (velum)

•         Uvula

•         Tongue (tip, blade, body)

•         Nose (nostrils, nasal cavity)

•         Pharynx  

Not directly visible:

•         Epiglottis

•         Larynx (vocal folds, glottis, thyroid cartilage = “Adam’s apple”)

•         Trachea

•         Lungs

Articulators – Adjectives

•         Lips – labial

•         Teeth – dental

•         Alveolar ridge – alveolar

•         Hard palate – palatal

•         Velum – velar

•         Glottis – glottal

•         Nose – nasal

Places of Articulation

•         Bilabial = using two lips / b, p, m, w /

•         Labiodental = lower lip + upper teeth / f, v /

•         Dental = teeth + tongue / Ɵ, ð /

•         Alveolar = alveolar ridge + tongue  / t, d, s, z, l, n /

•         Post-alveolar = back part of the alveolar ridge + tongue tip  / r /

•         Palato-alveolar = hard palate + alveolar ridge   / ʃ, ʒ, tʃ, dʒ /

•         Velar = soft palate + back of the tongue / k, g, ŋ /

•         Glottal = obstruction in the vocal folds / h /

•         Plosive = a complete closure in the vocal tract and the air is released suddenly to produce:        / p b t d k g /

•         Affricate = a complete closure in the mouth and the air is released slowly. Thus a friction is made to produce: / tʃ, dʒ /

•         Nasal = complete oral closure and the velum is lowered to pass the air through nose, thus producing: / m, n, ŋ / 

Places & Manners

Places

•         Bilabial

•         Labiodental

•         Dental

•         Alveolar

•         Post-alveolar

•         Palato-alveolar

•         Velar

•         Glottal

Manners

•         plosives

•         affricatives

•         nasals

•         fricatives

•         lateral

•         approximants

Consonant Chart 

Language and brain

Lateralization

•         Broca’s area: left frontal lob area                      •        Wernicke’s area:

   French physician Pierre Paul Broca, in 1861            German physician Karl Wernicke

   Expressive aphasia                                                    Receptive aphasia

   

   

Brocas Aphasia

Damage: The front side of the left hemisphere

Symptoms:

a. Labored speech

b. Loss of function words, such as determiners.

c. Disturbed word order

d. Generally sufficient auditory comprehension , but problem with understanding syntactic structure

Wernicke s Aphasia

Damage: The back side of the lest hemisphere

Symptoms:

a. fluent speech with perfect intonation and pronunciation

b. Many lexical errors and production of non-sense words.

c. Difficulty in comprehending speech.